<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ataugijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ataugijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lloyd1988" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/ACDVS4LZ">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch [Old High German dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Albert L.</forename>
              <surname>Lloyd</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Otto</forename>
              <surname>Springer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="volume">Vols. 1–5</biblScope>
              <date>1988</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ringe2014" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/VYF68MEL">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English, 2)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Don</forename>
              <surname>Ringe</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Ann</forename>
              <surname>Taylor</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_got_ataugjan" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ataugjan</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to show, bring before the eyes</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_goh_zougen" xml:lang="goh" type="reflex">
          <orth>zougen</orth>
          <def>to show</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_eygja" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>eygja</orth>
          <def>to eye</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ataugijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ataugijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ataugijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɑt.ˈɑu̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛏᚨᚢᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to show, display; to present to view</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_at"><ref target="#pgmc_at">*at</ref></mentioned>  + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_augijana"><ref target="#pgmc_augijana">*augijaną</ref></mentioned>. The reduced prefix *t- is preserved in several continental daughter forms <bibl corresp="#lloyd1988" n="s.v. az">Lloyd &amp; Springer 1988: s.v. az</bibl>. Ringe and Taylor <bibl corresp="#ringe2014" n="53, n. 5" ana="#omit-author">2014: 53, n. 5</bibl> note, however, that the prehistory of the verbal base is problematic: although Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_ataugjan"><ref target="#cog_got_ataugjan">𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽</ref></mentioned>, Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_eygja"><ref target="#cog_non_eygja">eygja</ref></mentioned>, and Old High German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_goh_zougen"><ref target="#cog_goh_zougen">zougen</ref></mentioned> appear to reflect <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*at-augijaną</mentioned>, Old English phonology could instead point to earlier <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*at-auwijan</mentioned> &lt; <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*at-awjaną</mentioned>, and analogical association with <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_augo"><ref target="#pgmc_augo">*augô</ref></mentioned> may have affected some forms. Thus, the immediate derivation <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_at"><ref target="#pgmc_at">*at</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_augijana"><ref target="#pgmc_augijana">*augijaną</ref></mentioned> is appropriate synchronically, but the deeper history of the second constituent is uncertain.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ataugīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ataugī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ataugīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ataugijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ataugijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ataugijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ataugijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ataugijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ataugijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ataugīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ataugīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ataugijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ataugidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ataugidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ataugidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ataugidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ataugidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ataugidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>ataugidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>ataugidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>ataugidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>ataugidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ataugidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ataugidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ataugidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ataugidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ataugidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ataugidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>ataugijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>ataugidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>ataugijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ataugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tōgen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tôgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>betôgen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>betogen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ataugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ætīewan, ætȳwan, ætīwan, ætēowan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>atēwien, atywen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ataugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tāuwa, tāwa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ataugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zougen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zöugen, zougen, zoigen, zöigen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ataugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tōgian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tȫgen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ataugjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
