<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *atjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_atjaną_v2_1</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="beekes2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/K7ES6IFT">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert</forename>
              <surname>Beekes</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="olsen1999" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/5YMJJZBJ">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Birgit Anette</forename>
              <surname>Olsen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Berlin New York</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher>
              <date>1999</date>
              <note>ISBN: 978-3-11-016483-1; callNumber: 491.992 5</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vaan2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/D3FJ3Q59">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Michiel</forename>
              <surname>de Vaan</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1ed" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁ed-</orth>
          <def>to eat</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h3ed" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₃ed-</orth>
          <def>to hate</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_odi" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>ōdī</orth>
          <def>to have an aversion towards, hate, dislike</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_etja" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>etja</orth>
          <def>to incite, make fight</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_goh_anazzen" xml:lang="goh" type="reflex">
          <orth>anazzen</orth>
          <def>to incite, provoke</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xcl_ateam" xml:lang="xcl" type="cognate">
          <orth>ատեամ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ateam</orth>
          </form>
          <def>I hate</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h3od_eye_o" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₃od-éye/o-</orth>
          <def>to cause to hate; provoke</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_odyssasthai" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ὀδύσ(σ)ασθαι</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>odýssasthai</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to be angry, grumble</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_atjana_x2_1" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/atjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>atjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛏᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to incite, provoke, or urge into conflict</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European causative <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3od_eye_o"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3od_eye_o">*h₃od-éye/o-</ref></mentioned>, formed with the o-grade of root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3ed"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3ed">*h₃ed-</ref></mentioned>. The sense is continued by Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_etja"><ref target="#cog_non_etja">etja</ref></mentioned> and prefixed Old High German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_goh_anazzen"><ref target="#cog_goh_anazzen">anazzen</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="39">Kroonen 2013: 39</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="296">Rix et al. 2001: 296</bibl>. Root cognates include Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_odi"><ref target="#cog_lat_odi">ōdī</ref></mentioned>, an inherited perfect with present meaning, and Old Armenian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_xcl_ateam"><ref target="#cog_xcl_ateam">ատեամ</ref></mentioned>; compare Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_odyssasthai"><ref target="#cog_grc_odyssasthai">ὀδύσ(σ)ασθαι</ref></mentioned>, whose formation is less transparent <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="1048">Beekes 2010: 1048</bibl> <bibl corresp="#de_vaan2008" n="425">de Vaan 2008: 425</bibl> <bibl corresp="#olsen1999" n="731">Olsen 1999: 731</bibl>. Distinct from homonymous <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_atjana_x2_2"><ref target="#pgmc_atjana_x2_2">*atjaną²</ref></mentioned>, from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1ed"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1ed">*h₁ed-</ref></mentioned>. Probably related to <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_atalaz"><ref target="#pgmc_atalaz">*atalaz</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>atjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>atjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>atjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>atisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>atjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ati</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>atjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>atjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>atiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>atjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>atjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>atjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>atjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>atjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>atjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>atjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>atjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>atjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>atjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>atjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>atjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>atjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>atiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>atjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>atiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>atjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>atjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>atjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>atjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>atjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>atjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>atjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>atidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>atidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>atidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>atidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>atidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>atidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>atidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>atidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>atidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>atidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>atidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>atidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>atidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>atidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>atidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>atidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>atjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>atidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>atjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*anattjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>anazzen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>etja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>etja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
