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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *audagōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_audagōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="bosworth2014" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/VBSFVK3Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Joseph</forename>
              <surname>Bosworth</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>T.Northcote</forename>
              <surname>Toller</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Ed Christ</forename>
              <surname>Sean</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Ondřej</forename>
              <surname>Tichý</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Prague</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Faculty of Arts, Charles University</publisher>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/SV2QGL7V">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Gothic Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1986a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vries1977" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MIN5YP8Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Jan</forename>
              <surname>de Vries</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1977</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="luhr2017">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen VI</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rosemarie</forename>
              <surname>Lühr</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht</publisher>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_non_audga" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>auðga</orth>
          <def>to enrich</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_goh_giotagon" xml:lang="goh" type="reflex">
          <orth>giōtagōn</orth>
          <def>to make rich, enrich, endow</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_eadgian" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>ēadgian</orth>
          <def>to count fortunate, bless; enrich, make happy</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_eadigian" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>ēadigian</orth>
          <def>to count fortunate, bless; enrich, make happy</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_got_audagjan" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>audagjan</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to bless, call blessed</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_audagona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/audagōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>audagōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑu̯.ðɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚢᛞᚨᚷᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to enrich; make wealthy or prosperous</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_audagaz"><ref target="#pgmc_audagaz">*audagaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ona"><ref target="#pgmc_ona">*-ōną</ref></mentioned>, as a factitive, literally ‘make wealthy’.  Reconstruction is supported by Old English <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_eadgian"><ref target="#cog_ang_eadgian">ēadgian</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_eadigian"><ref target="#cog_ang_eadigian">ēadigian</ref></mentioned>, Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_audga"><ref target="#cog_non_audga">auðga</ref></mentioned>, and Old High German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_goh_giotagon"><ref target="#cog_goh_giotagon">giōtagōn</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#bosworth2014" n="s.v. eádigan">Bosworth &amp; Toller 2014: s.v. eádigan</bibl> <bibl corresp="#de_vries1977" n="s.v. auðga">de Vries 1977: s.v. auðga</bibl> <bibl corresp="#luhr2017" n="s. v. ôtagên">Lühr 2017: s. v. ôtagên</bibl>. Their North–West Germanic agreement supports the Proto-Germanic reconstruction, although parallel formation remains possible because <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ona"><ref target="#pgmc_ona">*-ōną</ref></mentioned> was productive. Gothic instead has the separately formed Weak class 1 verb <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_audagjan"><ref target="#cog_got_audagjan">𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986a" n="47, s.v. audags">Lehmann 1986a: 47, s.v. audags</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>audagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>audagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>audagōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>audagōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>audagōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>audagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>audagōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>audagōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>audagōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>audagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>audagōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>audagōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>audagōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>audagōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>audagōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>audagōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>audagōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>audagōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>audagōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>audagōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>audagōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>audagōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>audagōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>audagōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>audagōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>audagōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>audagōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>audagōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>audagōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>audagōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>audagōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>audagōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>audagōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>audagōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>audagōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>audagōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>audagōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>audagōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>audagōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>audagōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>audagōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>audagōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>audagōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>audagōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*audagōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ēadgian, ēadigian</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*audagōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*ōtagōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>giōtagōn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>auðga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>auðga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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