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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Audawakraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_audawakraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="heidermanns1993" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/FEH4HY4N">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen Primäradjektive (Studia linguistica Germanica 33)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Frank</forename>
              <surname>Heidermanns</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Walter de Gruyter</publisher>
              <date>1993</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref1997" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2GXPBSTX">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vries1977" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MIN5YP8Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Jan</forename>
              <surname>de Vries</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1977</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_weg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*weǵ-</orth>
          <def>to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_vakr" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>vakr</orth>
          <def>watchful, lively; quick</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_wacor" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>wacor</orth>
          <def>watchful, attentive</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_goh_wahhar" xml:lang="goh" type="reflex">
          <orth>wahhar</orth>
          <def>awake, lively; watchful</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_vajra" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>वज्र</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>vájra</orth>
          </form>
          <def>thunderbolt; cudgel, weapon</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_audawakraz" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Audawakraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Audawakraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑu̯.ðɑ.ˌwɑk.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚢᛞᚨᚹᚨᚲᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a male given name</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_audaz"><ref target="#pgmc_audaz">*audaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_wakraz"><ref target="#pgmc_wakraz">*wakraz</ref></mentioned>. The second element is independently attested in the Runic personal name <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*wakraR </mentioned>and in Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_vakr"><ref target="#cog_non_vakr">vakr</ref></mentioned>, Old English <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_wacor"><ref target="#cog_ang_wacor">wacor</ref></mentioned>, and Old High German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_goh_wahhar"><ref target="#cog_goh_wahhar">wahhar</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#de_vries1977" n="639–640, s.v. vakr">de Vries 1977: 639–640, s.v. vakr</bibl> <bibl corresp="#heidermanns1993" n="645">Heidermanns 1993: 645</bibl>. An alternative interpretation connects the second element with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_san_vajra"><ref target="#cog_san_vajra">वज्र</ref></mentioned> and interprets the name as approximately ‘rich in weapons’ <bibl corresp="#ref1997" n="112">Mallory &amp; Adams 1997: 112</bibl>, but this is uncertain; the usual derivation of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_wakraz"><ref target="#pgmc_wakraz">*wakraz</ref></mentioned> from PIE <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weg">*weǵ-</ref></mentioned> is better supported <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="660–661">Rix et al. 2001: 660–661</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Audawakraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Audawakrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Audawakras, Audawakris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Audawakrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Audawakrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Audawakr</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Audawakr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Latin</lang>
                    <orth>Ādovacrius, Ōdovacrius</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Ēadwacer, *Ēadwaccor, *Ēadwacor</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Audawakr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>Ōtacher, Otakar, Ōtachar, Aotakchar, Aotachar, Otacchar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>Otakar, Ottokar</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Otakar, Ottokar</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌺𐍂𐍃 (*audawakrs)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Ancient Greek</lang>
                    <orth>Ὀδόακρος (Odóakros)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Latin</lang>
                    <orth>Odoacer</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Russian</lang>
                    <orth>Одоакр (Odoakr), Одонарецъ (Odonarec)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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