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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aunaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aunaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="derksen2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/R2NTQLL2">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rick</forename>
              <surname>Derksen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="matasovic2009" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/B5HK3DUW">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ranko</forename>
              <surname>Matasović</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2009a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vaan2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/D3FJ3Q59">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Michiel</forename>
              <surname>de Vaan</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="stiles2018">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Of Lambkins and Piglets in Old English and Beyond</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Patrick V.</forename>
              <surname>Stiles</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Transactions of the Philological Society 116</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">246–256</biblScope>
              <date>2018</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_amnos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἀμνός</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>amnós</orth>
          </form>
          <def>lamb</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_cu_agne" xml:lang="cu" type="cognate">
          <orth>агнѧ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>agnę</orth>
          </form>
          <def>lamb</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_itc-x-proto_agwnos" xml:lang="itc-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*agʷnos</orth>
          <def>lamb</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_agnus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>agnus</orth>
          <def>lamb</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_ognos" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*ognos</orth>
          <def>lamb</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2egw_no_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂egʷ-nó-s</orth>
          <def>lamb</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_owis" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*owis</orth>
          <def>sheep</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aunaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aunaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aunaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑu̯.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚢᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>lamb</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egw_no_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egw_no_s">*h₂egʷ-nó-s</ref></mentioned>, probably via pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*akʷna-</mentioned>. The Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*auna-</mentioned> would regularly suggest PIE <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*gʷʰ </mentioned><bibl corresp="#de_vaan2008" n="30">de Vaan 2008: 30</bibl>, but Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_amnos"><ref target="#cog_grc_amnos">ἀμνός</ref></mentioned> and Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cu_agne"><ref target="#cog_cu_agne">агнѧ</ref></mentioned>, the latter showing Winter’s-law lengthening <bibl corresp="#derksen2008" n="26–27, s.v. *àgnьcь">Derksen 2008: 26–27, s.v. *àgnьcь</bibl>, favor plain <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*gʷ</mentioned>. The Germanic form is therefore best explained as early remodeling of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*akʷna-</mentioned> under the influence of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_awiz"><ref target="#pgmc_awiz">*awiz</ref></mentioned>, before Kluge’s Law <bibl corresp="#stiles2018" n="249–252">Stiles 2018: 249–252</bibl>. Cognate with Proto-Italic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_itc-x-proto_agwnos"><ref target="#cog_itc-x-proto_agwnos">*agʷnos</ref></mentioned>, whence Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_agnus"><ref target="#cog_lat_agnus">agnus</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#de_vaan2008" n="30">de Vaan 2008: 30</bibl>, and Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_ognos"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_ognos">*ognos</ref></mentioned>, whose unexpected <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*o-</mentioned> may likewise reflect influence from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_owis"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_owis">*owis</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#matasovic2009" n="301–302">Matasović 2009a: 301–302</bibl>. The PIE noun has no secure deeper etymology.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>aunaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>aunōz, aunōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>auną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>aunanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>aunas, aunis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>aunǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>aunai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>aunamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>aunō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>aunamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>aun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>aunōz, aunōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aun</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*ēan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>ġeēan</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aun</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*ōn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*aunn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>*øn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ön (in vara i ön)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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