<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aurī</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aurī</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="fulk2018" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/DLDN5DUK">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert D.</forename>
              <surname>Fulk</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>John Benjamins Publishing Company</publisher>
              <date>2018</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="van_sluis2023" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/89QDAVX8">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1017/9781009261753.018</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>Paulus</forename>
              <surname>van Sluis</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Anders Richardt</forename>
              <surname>Jørgensen</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Kristian</forename>
              <surname>Kristiansen</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Eske</forename>
              <surname>Willerslev</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited</title>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">193-244</biblScope>
              <date>2023</date>
              <note type="accessed">2026-07-31T23:07:59Z</note>
              <note type="url">https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_part</note>
              <note>ISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_non_eyrr" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>eyrr</orth>
          <def>shoal, gravel bank</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_aurr" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>aurr</orth>
          <def>wet clay, mud</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_meuzi" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*meuzī</orth>
          <def>swamp</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_auri" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aurī">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aurī</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑu̯.riː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚢᚱᛁ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ī/jō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a sand- or gravel-bank; a riverbank or spit of land projecting into water</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From the stem <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*aura-</mentioned> of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_auraz"><ref target="#pgmc_auraz">*auraz</ref></mentioned>, formed as a feminine <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">ī</mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">jō</mentioned>-stem. The formation belongs to a Germanic pattern of feminine terrain nouns in <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ī</mentioned>, beside <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_albi"><ref target="#pgmc_albi">*albī</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_meuzi"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_meuzi">*meuzī</ref></mentioned>; Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_eyrr"><ref target="#cog_non_eyrr">eyrr</ref></mentioned> directly continues <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*aurī</mentioned> beside Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_aurr"><ref target="#cog_non_aurr">aurr</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="42">Kroonen 2013: 42</bibl> <bibl corresp="#van_sluis2023" n="222">van Sluis et al. 2023: 222</bibl>. In North Germanic, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">i</mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">j</mentioned>-umlaut regularly changed <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*au</mentioned> &gt; <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">ey</mentioned>, yielding Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_eyrr"><ref target="#cog_non_eyrr">eyrr</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#fulk2018" n="63">Fulk 2018: 63</bibl>. Its deeper Proto-Indo-European etymology is that of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_auraz"><ref target="#pgmc_auraz">*auraz</ref></mentioned> and remains uncertain; no independent Indo-European cognates can be established for <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*aurī</mentioned> itself.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>aurī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>aurijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>aurijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>aurijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>aurijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>aurijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>aurijōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>aurijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>aurijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>aurijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>aurī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>aurijôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>eyrr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>English</lang>
                    <orth>ayre</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>oyri</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>eyri</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>air</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scottish Gaelic</lang>
                    <orth>tiùrr</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ör</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>eyrr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ør</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>ør</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>eyrr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>øyr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>øyr</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
