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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ausaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ausaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="beekes2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/K7ES6IFT">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert</forename>
              <surname>Beekes</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vaan2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/D3FJ3Q59">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Michiel</forename>
              <surname>de Vaan</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="zair2025">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Usum loquendi populo concessi (Cic. Orat. 160): voiceless aspirates in Latin</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Nicholas</forename>
              <surname>Zair</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <surname>Paolo Di Giovine</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>Marco Mancini</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Lingua e storia: Walter Belardi a cento anni dalla nascita</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Rome</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Il Calamo</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">221–38</biblScope>
              <date>2025</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="hansen2015">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">The outcome of PIE *#Hi- and *#Hu- in Germanic</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard</forename>
              <surname>Hansen</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Indogermanische Forschungen 120(1)</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">31–76</biblScope>
              <date>2015</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_haurio" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>hauriō</orth>
          <def>to draw, scoop up</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_aphusso" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἀφύσσω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aphússō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to draw or scoop liquids</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂ews-</orth>
          <def>to draw water, scoop up</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_plq_hussinta" xml:lang="plq" type="cognate">
          <orth>𒄷𒍑𒅆𒄿𒅔𒀭𒋫</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ḫuššīnta</orth>
          </form>
          <def>they draw water for themselves</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ausana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ausaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ausaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚢᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7b</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to scoop up, to draw (a liquid); to pour or sprinkle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews">*h₂ews-</ref></mentioned>, probably through a secondary full-grade thematic present <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ews-e/o- </mentioned>formed in pre-Germanic <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="43, s.v. ausan-">Kroonen 2013: 43, s.v. ausan-</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="275–76, s.v. h₂eu̯s-">Rix et al. 2001: 275–76, s.v. h₂eu̯s-</bibl>. The inherited PIE present was probably zero-grade <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂us-yé/ó-</mentioned>, reflected in Palaic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_plq_hussinta"><ref target="#cog_plq_hussinta">𒄷𒍑𒅆𒄿𒅔𒀭𒋫</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#hansen2015" n="55">Hansen 2015: 55</bibl> ; LIV² treats the e-grade thematic formation continued by Germanic as an innovation <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="s.v. h₂eu̯s-, 275–76">Rix et al. 2001: s.v. h₂eu̯s-, 275–76</bibl>. Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_haurio"><ref target="#cog_lat_haurio">hauriō</ref></mentioned>, reflecting analogically full-grade <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ews-yé/ó-</mentioned> and showing secondary, probably hypercorrect <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">h-</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#de_vaan2008" n="s.v. hauriō, 281">de Vaan 2008: s.v. hauriō, 281</bibl> <bibl corresp="#zair2025" n="230">Zair 2025: 230</bibl>; compare Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_aphusso"><ref target="#cog_grc_aphusso">ἀφύσσω</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="180">Beekes 2010: 180</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ausō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ausaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ausai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ausizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ausaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ausazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ausaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ausidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ausai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ausadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ausadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ausaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ausōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ausaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ausadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ausaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ausadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ausamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ausaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ausandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ausaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ausid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ausaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ausid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ausandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ausaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ausandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ausain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ausandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ausandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ausaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>eaus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>eauzį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>eaust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>eauzīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>eaus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>eauzī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>eauzū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>eauzīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>eauzudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>eauzīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>eauzum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>eauzīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>eauzud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>eauzīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>eauzun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>eauzīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>ausandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>auzanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>ausaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ausan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ōsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ôsen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>hozen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ausan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*ōsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ōsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ausan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*ōsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ôsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ausa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>eysa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ausa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ausa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>øse</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>oysa</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>øse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ausa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>ausa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>ause</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ausa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ø̄sa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ösa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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