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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Austrǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_austrǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="wodtko2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2NHD8WYN">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Dagmar S.</forename>
              <surname>Wodtko</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Britta</forename>
              <surname>Irslinger</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Carolin</forename>
              <surname>Schneider</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Universitätsverlag Winter</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="luhr2017">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen VI</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rosemarie</forename>
              <surname>Lühr</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht</publisher>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂ews-</orth>
          <def>to become light; to dawn</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_os_h2us_s_es" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂éws-ōs ~ *h₂us(-s)-és</orth>
          <def>dawn</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_s_to" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂ews-(s)-to-</orth>
          <def>east</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_austro" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Austrǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Austrǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑu̯s.trɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚢᛊᛏᚱᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>Easter, festival celebrated at the spring equinox</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>Easter, goddess of spring</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ews-(s)-t-reh₂-n-</mentioned>, ultimately from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_x2">*h₂ews-</ref></mentioned>, and closely related to <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_austra_1"><ref target="#pgmc_austra_1">*austrą¹</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_austraz"><ref target="#pgmc_austraz">*austraz</ref></mentioned>. EWA analyzes the <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*t </mentioned>as inherited rather than as an excrescent consonant from PIE <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*sr </mentioned>&gt; Proto-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*str</mentioned>, connecting <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*Austrǭ</mentioned> directly with the <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_s_to"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_s_to">*h₂ews-(s)-to-</ref></mentioned> formation <bibl corresp="#luhr2017" n="s.v. ôst(a)ra">Lühr 2017: s.v. ôst(a)ra</bibl> <bibl corresp="#wodtko2008" n="359">Wodtko et al. 2008: 359</bibl>. The ultimate root also formed the PIE word for ‘dawn’ and the Dawn Goddess,  <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_os_h2us_s_es"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ews_os_h2us_s_es">*h₂éws-ōs ~ *h₂us(-s)-és</ref></mentioned>; this provides a plausible semantic background for Bede’s <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Ēostre</mentioned>, though her status as an inherited Germanic dawn goddess cannot be established from the linguistic evidence alone.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Austrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Austrōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Austrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Austrōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Austrōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Austrǭ</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Austrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>āsteron</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Austrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>ōstara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ôosteren</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Austrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ēastre, ēastrun, ēastron, ēastru, ēoster, ēster, ēastor, ēastro</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>Eestour, Ester, Yestre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>Easter</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>Easter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Austrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ōstra, ōstara, *Ôstra, *Ōstara, *Ōstora, *Aostar, *Aostr-</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ōstre, ōstere, ōster</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Uustere</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Ostern</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Ouschteren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Austrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*ōstara, *ōstarūn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ôsteren, ôstern</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Oostern</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Oostren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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