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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *awidiją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_awidiją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
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      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="krahe1969" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/6TKE9TIV">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Germanische Sprachwissenschaft III: Wortbildungslehre</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Hans</forename>
              <surname>Krahe</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Wolfgang</forename>
              <surname>Meid</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Walter de Gruyter</publisher>
              <date>1969</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/SV2QGL7V">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Gothic Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1986a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="olsen1999" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/5YMJJZBJ">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Birgit Anette</forename>
              <surname>Olsen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Berlin New York</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher>
              <date>1999</date>
              <note>ISBN: 978-3-11-016483-1; callNumber: 491.992 5</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ringe2014" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/VYF68MEL">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English, 2)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Don</forename>
              <surname>Ringe</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Ann</forename>
              <surname>Taylor</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="wodtko2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2NHD8WYN">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Dagmar S.</forename>
              <surname>Wodtko</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Britta</forename>
              <surname>Irslinger</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Carolin</forename>
              <surname>Schneider</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Universitätsverlag Winter</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_avide" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>avi̇̀dė</orth>
          <def>sheepfold</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_got_awethi" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌹</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>awēþi</orth>
          </form>
          <def>flock of sheep</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_hy_awdi" xml:lang="hy" type="cognate">
          <orth>աւդի</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>awdi</orth>
          </form>
          <def>sheep</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dheh1_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dʰeh₁-</orth>
          <def>to do; to put, place</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_awidija" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/awidiją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>awidiją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ.wi.ði.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚹᛁᛞᛁᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>herd or flock of sheep</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_awiz"><ref target="#pgmc_awiz">*awiz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-dją</mentioned>, an element occurring in terms for herds, probably ultimately reflecting the zero grade <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*dʰh₁-</mentioned> of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dheh1_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dheh1_x2">*dʰeh₁-</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-yo-</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#krahe1969" n="149">Krahe &amp; Meid 1969: 149</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="45">Kroonen 2013: 45</bibl>. Kroonen reconstructs pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₃eui-dʰh₁-io-</mentioned>, approximately <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂owi-dʰh₁-iyo-m</mentioned> with the reconstruction of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_awiz"><ref target="#pgmc_awiz">*awiz</ref></mentioned> used here, literally ‘set/group of sheep’; compare the parallel <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_kudja"><ref target="#pgmc_kudja">*kudją</ref></mentioned>, which he reconstructs as originally ‘set of cows’ <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="45, 308–309">Kroonen 2013: 45, 308–309</bibl>. Lehmann <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986a" n="52, s.v. aweþi" ana="#omit-author">1986a: 52, s.v. aweþi</bibl> explains the voiceless dental fricative in Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_awethi"><ref target="#cog_got_awethi">𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌹</ref></mentioned> by Thurneysen’s law, whereas Ringe &amp; Taylor regard its relationship to West Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*awidī </mentioned>as unclear <bibl corresp="#ringe2014" n="259">Ringe &amp; Taylor 2014: 259</bibl>. Compare Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lit_avide"><ref target="#cog_lit_avide">avi̇̀dė</ref></mentioned>, which may preserve a related formation <bibl corresp="#wodtko2008" n="335, 339 n. 25">Wodtko et al. 2008: 335, 339 n. 25</bibl>, and possibly Classical Armenian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_hy_awdi"><ref target="#cog_hy_awdi">աւդի</ref></mentioned>, which has likewise been connected with this group <bibl corresp="#olsen1999" n="496–497">Olsen 1999: 496–497</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>awidiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>awidijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>awidiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>awidijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>awidijas, awidīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>awidijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>awidijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>awidijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>awidijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>awidijamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>awidiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>awidijō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*awidī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ēowede, ēowde, ēowd, ēde</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*awidī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ouwiti, ewit, ewida</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌹 (awēþi)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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