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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *awjô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_awjô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="mees2023b" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/RM7VGX2B">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The English language before England: an epigraphic account</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Bernard</forename>
              <surname>Mees</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>New York, NY London</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group</publisher>
              <date>2023b</date>
              <note>ISBN: 978-1-032-21418-4 978-1-032-21417-7</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vries1977" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MIN5YP8Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Jan</forename>
              <surname>de Vries</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1977</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="document" xml:id="bliss1985">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">The Aviones and Widsith 26a</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1017/S0263675100001290</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>Alan</forename>
              <surname>Bliss</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Anglo-Saxon England, vol. 14</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">97 - 106</biblScope>
              <date>1985</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_non_ey" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>ey</orth>
          <def>island</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_eynir" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>eynir</orth>
          <def>islanders</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_awjo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/awjô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>awjô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑw.jɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚹᛃᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a member of the Aviones, a Germanic people mentioned by Tacitus among the tribes that worshipped Nerthus</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A reconstructed masculine<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto"> n</mentioned>-stem ethnonym derived from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_awjo_x2"><ref target="#pgmc_awjo_x2">*awjō</ref></mentioned>, hence literally ‘islander, inhabitant of watery land’. The singular <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*awjô</mentioned> is inferred from the tribal name attested by Tacitus as Latin <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Aviones </mentioned>and probably also by Old English <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Eowum </mentioned>(dat. pl.) in Widsith 26a <bibl corresp="#bliss1985" n="97–106">Bliss 1985: 97–106</bibl> <bibl corresp="#mees2023b" n="8–9">Mees 2023b: 8–9</bibl>. The interpretation of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Aviones</mentioned> as ‘islanders’ goes back at least to Grimm and remains widely accepted <bibl corresp="#mees2023b" n="8">Mees 2023b: 8</bibl>. Compare Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_eynir"><ref target="#cog_non_eynir">eynir</ref></mentioned>, likewise derived from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_ey"><ref target="#cog_non_ey">ey</ref></mentioned>; its direct historical identity with <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Aviones </mentioned>is uncertain <bibl corresp="#de_vries1977" n="s.v. eynir">de Vries 1977: s.v. eynir</bibl>. See <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_awjo_x2"><ref target="#pgmc_awjo_x2">*awjō</ref></mentioned> for the further etymology.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>awjô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>awjaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>awjanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>awjanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>awjiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>awjanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>awjini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>awjammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>awjinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>awjammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>awjô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>awjaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*Eowan (‘the Eowan, Aviones’), attested dat. pl. Eowum in Widsith 26a</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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