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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *awô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_awô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kloekhorst2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/6CLAD8LI">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 5)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Alwin</forename>
              <surname>Kloekhorst</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="matasovic2009" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/B5HK3DUW">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ranko</forename>
              <surname>Matasović</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2009a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vaan2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/D3FJ3Q59">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Michiel</forename>
              <surname>de Vaan</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="mallory2006">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World</title>
            <author>
              <forename>J. P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>D. Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2006</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="luhr2017">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen VI</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rosemarie</forename>
              <surname>Lühr</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht</publisher>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_avunculus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>avunculus</orth>
          <def>maternal uncle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ewh2os" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂éwh₂os</orth>
          <def>maternal grandfather, maternal uncle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_avus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>avus</orth>
          <def>grandfather</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_hit_hu_uh_ha_as_huhhas" xml:lang="hit" type="cognate">
          <orth>𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-aš /ḫuḫḫaš/</orth>
          </form>
          <def>grandfather</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_awon_tir_awon_tro_x2" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*awon-tīr ~ *awon-tro-</orth>
          <def>uncle</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_awo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/awô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>awô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ.wɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚹᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>grandfather</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From a late Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">n</mentioned>-stem <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ewh₂-on-</mentioned>, built to the older kinship noun represented by <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ewh2os"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ewh2os">*h₂éwh₂os</ref></mentioned>. Kloekhorst <bibl corresp="#kloekhorst2008" n="352–53, s.v. ḫuḫḫa-">Kloekhorst 2008: 352–53, s.v. ḫuḫḫa-</bibl> reconstructs the latter more originally as the root noun <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*.h₂éwh₂-s</mentioned>, acc. <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂éwh₂-m</mentioned>, gen. <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂uh₂-ós</mentioned>, an analysis supported by the Anatolian alternation and followed for Germanic by Kroonen <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="44–45" ana="#omit-author">2013: 44–45</bibl>. The <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">n</mentioned>-stem was probably already late Indo-European rather than a Germanic innovation: compare Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_avunculus"><ref target="#cog_lat_avunculus">avunculus</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#de_vaan2008" n="66">de Vaan 2008: 66</bibl>, derived from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*awon- </mentioned><bibl corresp="#luhr2017" n="s.v. ôheim">Lühr 2017: s.v. ôheim</bibl>, and Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_awon_tir_awon_tro_x2"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_awon_tir_awon_tro_x2">*awon-tīr ~ *awon-tro-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#matasovic2009" n="45">Matasović 2009a: 45</bibl>. Cognate at the underlying stem level with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_avus"><ref target="#cog_lat_avus">avus</ref></mentioned> and Hittite <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_hit_hu_uh_ha_as_huhhas"><ref target="#cog_hit_hu_uh_ha_as_huhhas">𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#mallory2006" n="209">Mallory &amp; Adams 2006: 209</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>awô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>awaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>awanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>awanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>awiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>awanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>awini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>awammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>awinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>awammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>awô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>awaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>afi, ái</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>afi, ái</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>afi, ái</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>avi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>abbi</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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