<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *awǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_awǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="fulk2018" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/DLDN5DUK">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert D.</forename>
              <surname>Fulk</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>John Benjamins Publishing Company</publisher>
              <date>2018</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kloekhorst2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/6CLAD8LI">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 5)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Alwin</forename>
              <surname>Kloekhorst</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vaan2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/D3FJ3Q59">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Michiel</forename>
              <surname>de Vaan</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_got_awo" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>*awō</orth>
          <def>grandmother</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_avia" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>avia</orth>
          <def>grandmother</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ewh2_s_h2uh2_os" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂éwh₂-s ~ *h₂uh₂-ós</orth>
          <def>maternal grandfather; maternal uncle</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_awo_x2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/awǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>awǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ.wɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚹᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>grandmother</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">The feminine counterpart of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_awo"><ref target="#pgmc_awo">*awô</ref></mentioned>. The pair represents secondary <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">n</mentioned>-stem remodeling of the Indo-European kinship term ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root noun <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ewh2_s_h2uh2_os"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ewh2_s_h2uh2_os">*h₂éwh₂-s ~ *h₂uh₂-ós</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kloekhorst2008" n="352–53">Kloekhorst 2008: 352–53</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="44–45">Kroonen 2013: 44–45</bibl>. Proto-Germanic feminine <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">ōn</mentioned>-stems were innovative, with <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ōn-</mentioned> generalized as the feminine counterpart of masculine <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-an-</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#fulk2018" n="171–72">Fulk 2018: 171–72</bibl>. Continued by Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_awo"><ref target="#cog_got_awo">*awō</ref></mentioned>. Compare Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_avia"><ref target="#cog_lat_avia">avia</ref></mentioned>, probably a related feminine formation, though its precise derivation is uncertain <bibl corresp="#de_vaan2008" n="66, s.v. avus">de Vaan 2008: 66, s.v. avus</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>awǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>awōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>awōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>awōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>awōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>awōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>awōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>awōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>awōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>awōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>awǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>awōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐍅𐍉 (awō)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
