<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *azaniz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_azaniz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="pooth2018">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">There will be ‘blood’: The etymology of Greek ὀπώρα and Proto-Germanic *asani- and the function of the o-grade in Proto-Indo-European</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Roland A.</forename>
              <surname>Pooth</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">FIU Research Comment</title>
            <imprint>
              <date>2018</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="document" xml:id="schaffner2014">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Zur Wortbildung und Etymologie von lateinisch autumnus ‘Herbst’</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Stefan</forename>
              <surname>Schaffner</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Graecolatina et Orientalia 35–36</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">67–102</biblScope>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="petit2010b">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Suffix transfer in Baltic</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Daniel</forename>
              <surname>Petit</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Baltistica 45(2)</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">173–184</biblScope>
              <date>2010b</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="neri2016">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Germanische Etymologie: Besprechung von Kroonen 2013</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.29091/KRATYLOS/2016/1/1</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>Sergio</forename>
              <surname>Neri</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Kratylos 61</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">1–51</biblScope>
              <date>2016</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="schurr2021">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Fünf lykische Etymologien, die Landwirtschaft betreffen</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Diether</forename>
              <surname>Schürr</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Hungarian Assyriological Review 2</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">263–282</biblScope>
              <date>2021</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1esh2r" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁ésh₂r̥</orth>
          <def>blood</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_prg_assanis" xml:lang="prg" type="cognate">
          <orth>assanis</orth>
          <def>autumn</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_esen" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*esenь</orth>
          <def>autumn</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_opora" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ὀπώρα</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>opṓra</orth>
          </form>
          <def>end of the summer, start of autumn; harvest, fruit</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1os_r_h1es_n" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁ós-r̥ ~ *h₁és-n-</orth>
          <def>harvest, harvest season</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2es" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂es-</orth>
          <def>to cut</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_azaniz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/azaniz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>azaniz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ.zɑ.niz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛉᚨᚾᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>summer, especially the late-summer harvest season</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>harvest; harvest time</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₁os-on-i-s</mentioned>, an *i-stem remodeling of the inherited static heteroclitic<mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1os_r_h1es_n"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1os_r_h1es_n">*h₁ós-r̥ ~ *h₁és-n-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="46">Kroonen 2013: 46</bibl> <bibl corresp="#schaffner2014" n="75">Schaffner 2014: 75</bibl>. Cognate with Old Prussian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_prg_assanis"><ref target="#cog_prg_assanis">assanis</ref></mentioned>, Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_esen"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_esen">*esenь</ref></mentioned>, and Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_opora"><ref target="#cog_grc_opora">ὀπώρα</ref></mentioned>, the latter preserving the strong *r-stem <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="46">Kroonen 2013: 46</bibl> <bibl corresp="#petit2010b" n="177">Petit 2010b: 177</bibl> <bibl corresp="#schaffner2014" n="75">Schaffner 2014: 75</bibl>. The ultimate origin of the heteroclitic noun is uncertain; proposals include a connection with <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2es"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2es">*h₂es-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#neri2016" n="38">Neri 2016: 38</bibl> <bibl corresp="#schurr2021" n="270–272">Schürr 2021: 270–272</bibl> and, less plausibly, with <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1esh2r"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1esh2r">*h₁ésh₂r̥</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#pooth2018" n="1–14">Pooth 2018: 1–14</bibl>. Related to <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_asno"><ref target="#pgmc_asno">*asnō</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_asnijaz"><ref target="#pgmc_asnijaz">*asnijaz</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>azaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>azanīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>azanį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>azaninz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>azanīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>azanijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>azanī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>azanimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>azanī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>azanimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>azani</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>azanīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aʀani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*aran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>arn, arne</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aʀani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*iern</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>ruġern</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aʀani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>ern, erne, arn, arne</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aʀani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>arn, aran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>erne, arn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>ernde</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Ernte</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aʀani</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*aran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>arne, arn, erne, ern</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                        <orth>Oorn, Aarn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Arne, Arn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ǫnn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>önn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>onn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>onn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ǫnn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>an, and</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>(archaic or dialectal) and, ann</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 (asans)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Finnish</lang>
                  <orth>aarni, aarnio</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
