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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *badwō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_badwō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_bodwos" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*bodwos</orth>
          <def>fight</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_badwo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/badwō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>badwō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑð.wɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᛞᚹᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>battle, fight</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*bʰodʰh₂-wo-s</mentioned> (‘battle’), from *bʰedʰh₂- (‘to stab, dig’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_bodwos"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_bodwos">*bodwos</ref></mentioned> (‘fight’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>badwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>badwôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>badwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>badwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>badwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>badwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>badwōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>badwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>badwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>badwōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>badwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>badwôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*badu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*badu, *batu</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*badu</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*badu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>badu, beado, beadu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>*beaduhōc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>*bedhok, bedocke</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>beadhook, beedhook, bidhook</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bǫð</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>böð</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bad</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bad</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>böd, bad, ba, badd</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 (*badus)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Latin</lang>
                    <orth>Badwila, Baduarius</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Latin</lang>
                  <orth>battuō</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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