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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *baidijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_baidijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bheydh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰeydʰ-</orth>
          <def>to trust, convince</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_baidijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baidijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>baidijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑi̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᛁᛞᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to force, compel, demand</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to constrain, cause to stay</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bīdaną (‘to wait’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned> (causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs). Ultimately from *bʰoydʰ-éye/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheydh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheydh">root *bʰeydʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to trust, convince’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baidijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baidijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baidijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baidīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baidijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baidī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baidijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baidijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baidīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baidijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baidijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baidijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baidijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>baidijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>baidijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baidijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baidijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baidijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baidijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baidijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baidijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baidijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baidīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baidijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baidīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baidijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baidijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baidijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baidijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baidijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baidijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baidijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baididǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baididēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baididēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baididēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baididē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baididēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>baididēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>baididēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>baididēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>baididēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baididēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baididēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baididēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baididēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baididēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baididēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>baidijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>baididaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>baidijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bǣdan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>beidan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>beiden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>beiden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>beiten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>beiten</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bēdian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bêden, beiden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>beden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beiða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>beiða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>beiða</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beiða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bēþa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bēþas</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>bedas</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Finnish</lang>
                  <orth>paidata</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Ingrian</lang>
                  <orth>paijata</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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