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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *baitijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_baitijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bheyd_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰeyd-</orth>
          <def>to split</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_baitijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baitijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>baitijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑi̯.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᛁᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to make bite</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to restrain, to rein in, to bridle</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to make graze</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bītaną (‘to bite’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs). Ultimately from *bʰoyd-éye/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheyd_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheyd_x2">root *bʰeyd-</ref></mentioned> (‘to split’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baitijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baitijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baitijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baitīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baitijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baitī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baitijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baitijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baitīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baitijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baitijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baitijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baitijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>baitijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>baitijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baitijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baitijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baitijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baitijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baitijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baitijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baitijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baitīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baitijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baitīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baitijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baitijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baitijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baitijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baitijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baitijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baitijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baitidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baitidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baitidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baitidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baitidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baitidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>baitidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>baitidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>baitidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>baitidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baitidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baitidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baitidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baitidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baitidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baitidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>baitijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>baitidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>baitijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baitijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bēten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bêten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>beten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baitijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bǣtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bayten, bayte, baite, beyton, baiten, beiten, beȝȝtenn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bait</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bait</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baitijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>beizen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>beizen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baitijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*bētian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bêten</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>undbētian</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beita</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bede</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>beita</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beita</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>beite</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>beita, beite</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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