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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bakaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bakaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_phogo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>φώγω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>phṓgō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to roast</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_bagati" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*bagati</orth>
          <def>to ignite fire</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bakana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bakaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bakaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 6</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bake</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₃g-ti ~ *bʰh₃g-énti, an athematic root present of root *bʰeh₃g- (‘to bake, roast, fry’). Related to Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_phogo"><ref target="#cog_grc_phogo">φώγω</ref></mentioned> (phṓgō, ‘to roast’) and Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_bagati"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_bagati">*bagati</ref></mentioned> (‘to ignite fire’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bakaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bakizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bakaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bak</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bakazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bakaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bakidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bakadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bakadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bakaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bakōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bakaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bakadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bakaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bakadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bakamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bakaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bakid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bakaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bakid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bakandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bakain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bakandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bōk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bōkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bōht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bōkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bōk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bōkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bōkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bōkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bōkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bōkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bōkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bōkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bōkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bōkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bōkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bōkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bakandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bakanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bakaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bakan, *bakkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>baken, backen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bakken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bacan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>baken, bakyn, bake, bakenn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bake</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bake</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*baka, *bakka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>boake</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bakke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bahhan, backan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bachen, backen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>båchn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>backen, bachen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>baken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>באַקן (bakn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bakkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>backen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>baken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>baka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>baka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>baka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>baka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>baka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bage</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>bake</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>baka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>baka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>baka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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