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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bannaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bannaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_bhanati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>भनति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>bhánati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to sound, resound, call aloud, speak, declare</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bannana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bannaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bannaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7c</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to proclaim, to order</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to summon</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to ban</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-néw-ti ~ *bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, an innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of root *bʰeh₂- (‘to speak, say’), similar in form to Vedic Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_bhanati"><ref target="#cog_san_bhanati">भनति</ref></mentioned> (bhánati, ‘to sound, resound, call aloud, speak, declare’). The cluster -nw- seems to have caused gemination; see *kinnuz (‘cheek, chin, jaw’), *þunnuz (‘thin’) for a similar development.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bannō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bannaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bannai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bannizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bannaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bann</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bannazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bannaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bannidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bannai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bannadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bannadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bannaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bannōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bannaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bannadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bannaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bannadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bannamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bannaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bannandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bannaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bannid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bannaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bannid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bannandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bannaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bannandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bannain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bannandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bannandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bannaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>beban</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bebannį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bebant</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bebannīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>beban</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bebannī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bebannū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bebannīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bebannudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bebannīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bebannum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bebannīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bebannud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bebannīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bebannun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bebannīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bannandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bannanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bannaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bannan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bannen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bannen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>ban</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bannan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bannen, bonnen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>ban</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ban</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>banna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>banne</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>banne</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>pannan, bannan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bannen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bannen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>bannen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bannan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bannan, *bannen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bannen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>banna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>banna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>banna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>banna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>banna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>banna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bande</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>banne</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>banna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>banne(n)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>ban</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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