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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *barniskaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_barniskaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_barniskaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barniskaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>barniskaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑr.nis.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᚱᚾᛁᛊᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>childish</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *barną (‘child’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-iskaz</mentioned> (forms adjectives from nouns with the sense ‘characteristic of; pertaining to’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniską, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>barniskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>barniskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>barniskaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>barniskammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>barniskōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>barniskammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*barnisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*bearnisċ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*barnisch, *bernisch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bairnish, barnish</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bairnish</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*barnisk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*bernisk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bäidensk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bernskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bernskur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (barnisks)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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