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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *batāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_batāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_batana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/batāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>batāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑ.tɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to become better, improve</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bat- (‘good, favorable, beneficial’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-</mentioned>āną (forms stative - fientive, denominative, and factitive verbs (Weak class 3)).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>batō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bataisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>batai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>batāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bataiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>batāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>batāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>batōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>batāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>batāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>batāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>batānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bataiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bataiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>batānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>batānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>batānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>batānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>batadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>batadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>batadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>batadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>batadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>batadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>batadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>batadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>batadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>batadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>batadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>batadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>batadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>batadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>batadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>batadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>batāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>batadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>batāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*batēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*baton</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bāten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>baten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>baat</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*batēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>batian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*baten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bat</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*batēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>batian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>*batol</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>*batel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>batell, battle</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>baittle, bettle</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*batēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>batia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>baatje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bate, baatsje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*batēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bazzēn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*batēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*batōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>baten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>batte, både</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>batten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>båta</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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