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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *baugijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_baugijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bhewgh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰewgʰ-</orth>
          <def>to bend; curve, arch</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_baugijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baugijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>baugijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑu̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᚢᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bend, bow</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *beuganą (‘to bow, bend’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs). Ultimately from *bʰowgʰ-éye/o- an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhewgh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhewgh">*bʰewgʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to bend; curve, arch’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baugijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baugijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baugijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baugīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baugijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baugī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baugijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baugijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baugīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baugijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baugijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baugijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baugijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>baugijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>baugijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baugijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baugijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>baugijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baugijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baugijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baugijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baugijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baugīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baugijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baugīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baugijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baugijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baugijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baugijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baugijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baugijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baugijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baugidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baugidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baugidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baugidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baugidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baugidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>baugidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>baugidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>baugidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>baugidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baugidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>baugidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baugidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>baugidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baugidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>baugidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>baugijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>baugidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>baugijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>bōgen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bôgen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bīeġan, bīġan, bȳġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bēgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bay, bebay</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>bēia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>boje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>beegje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bûgje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bougen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bougen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>beugen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>בייגן (beygn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baugijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bōgian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bȫgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bögen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beygja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>boyggja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>beygja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bøygja, bøya</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beygja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bøje</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>bøye</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beygja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bø̄ghia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>böja</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbaugjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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