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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bautijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bautijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="gordon2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/GAKMQMYN">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Beating, Hacking, and Spitting: Germanic Contributions to the Question of Acrostatic d-Presents in Proto-Indo-European</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Randall</forename>
              <surname>Gordon</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="volume">123</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="page">258–296</biblScope>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bhewd" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰewd-</orth>
          <def>to strike, beat</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bautijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bautijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bautijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑu̯.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᚢᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to beat, push</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bautaną (to beat, knock, bump, push’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs). Ultimately from *bʰowd-éye/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhewd"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhewd">root *bʰewd-</ref></mentioned> (‘to strike, beat), a d-extension of *bʰew- (‘to blow, swell’) <bibl corresp="#gordon2010">Gordon 2010</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bautijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bautijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bautijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bautīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bautijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bautī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bautijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bautijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bautīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bautijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bautijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bautijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bautijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bautijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bautijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bautijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bautijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bautijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bautijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bautijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bautijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bautijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bautīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bautijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bautīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bautijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bautijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bautijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bautijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bautijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bautijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bautijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bautidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bautidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bautidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bautidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bautidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bautidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bautidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bautidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bautidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bautidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bautidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bautidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bautidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bautidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bautidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bautidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bautijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bautidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bautijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bautijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bōzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bōzen, pōzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bossen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bôzen, bôsen, bôcen, bôssen, bôtzen, bôschen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bautijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*bōtian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bö̂ten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>böten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>beyta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>beyta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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