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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bazją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bazją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bheh2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰeh₂-</orth>
          <def>to speak, say</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_baca" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>bāca</orth>
          <def>berry</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_fascis" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>fascis</orth>
          <def>bundle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_basc" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>basc</orth>
          <def>red, berry-colored</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bazja" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bazją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bazją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbɑz.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚨᛉᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>berry</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unknown. Has been compared to Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_basc"><ref target="#cog_sga_basc">basc</ref></mentioned> (‘red, berry-colored’), based on a purported connection with Proto-West Germanic *basu (‘purple, crimson’), as well as to Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_fascis"><ref target="#cog_lat_fascis">fascis</ref></mentioned> (‘bundle’) and its relatives, though Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_baca"><ref target="#cog_lat_baca">bāca</ref></mentioned> (‘berry’) is likely not related. Older theories tentatively connected the word to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheh2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheh2">*bʰeh₂-</ref></mentioned> (‘to shine, glisten’) or *bʰes- (‘to blow, chew, rub’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>bazją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>bazjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>bazją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>bazjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>bazjas, bazis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>bazjǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>bazjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>bazjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>bazjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>bazjamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>bazją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>bazjō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baʀi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*beri</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bere</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bère, bèr</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>beier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baʀi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>berġe, berie, beriġe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>berye, berȝe, berie, bery, byry, beriye</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>berry</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>berie, bery, berrie, berry</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baʀi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*berie</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Bäie</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bei</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baʀi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>beri</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ber</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Berri</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Beere</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Bier</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                        <orth>Beer</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*baʀi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>beri</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bere</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Beer</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Bäa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ber</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ber</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ber</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>bær</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ber</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bær</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ber</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bär</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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