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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *berhtaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_berhtaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰer</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>H</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_berhtaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berhtaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>berhtaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈberx.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛖᚱᚺᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bright, shining</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h">*bʰer</ref></mentioned> (H)ǵ-tó-s, from root *bʰerHǵ- (‘to shine’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-tós</mentioned>(creates verbal adjectives from verb roots). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *berxtos, Proto-Albanian *bardza (‘white’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>berhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>berhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>berhtaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>berhtammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>berhtōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>berhtammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*berht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*berht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>onbrecht, ombrecht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*berht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*berht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>Brecht, Brechta, Bert, Berte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>Brecht, Bert</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*berht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>beorht, berht, bryht, byrht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>briht, briȝt, bright</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bricht</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*berht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>beorht, berht, bryht, byrht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>briht, briȝt, bright</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bright</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>bræt</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*berht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>berht, perht, beraht, peraht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bërht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Bert, Bert-, -bert, -brecht</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*berht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>berht, perht, beraht, peraht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>giberaht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>gebërht</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*berht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>berht, beraht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>brecht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bjartr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bjartur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bjartur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bjart</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bjartr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>biært, bærth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bjært</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bjartr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>biærter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bjärt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (bairhts)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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