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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *beudaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_beudaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_bljusti" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>блюсти</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>bljusti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to watch, guard; be careful; beware</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_bodhati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>बोधति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>bódhati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to wake, wake up; to know, to understand; to enlighten</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_beudana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/beudaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>beudaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbeu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛖᚢᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to offer, bid</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwdʰ-e/o- from root *bʰéwdʰ- (‘to be awake, aware’). Cognates are Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_bljusti"><ref target="#cog_chu_bljusti">блюсти</ref></mentioned> (bljusti, ‘to watch, guard; be careful; beware’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_bodhati"><ref target="#cog_san_bodhati">बोधति</ref></mentioned> (bódhati, ‘to wake, wake up; to know, to understand; to enlighten’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>beudō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>beudaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>beudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biudizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>beudaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>beud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>beudazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>beudaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biudidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>beudai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>beudadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>beudadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>beudaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>beudōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>beudaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>beudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>beudaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>beudadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>beudamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>beudaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>beudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>beudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>beudaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biudid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>beudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>beudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>beudandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>beudain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>beudandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>beudandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>beudaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>baud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>budį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>baust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>budīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>baud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>budī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>budū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>budīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bududiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>budīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>budum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>budīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>budud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>budīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>budun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>budīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>beudandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>budanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>beudaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*beudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>biedan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bieden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bieden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>beje, bijje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*beudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bēodan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>beden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bid, bede</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bid, bede</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*beudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>biāda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>biada, bjoode</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>biede</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*beudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>biotan, piotan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bieten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bieten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>bidden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*beudan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>biodan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bēden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bieden, beden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bjóða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bjóða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bjóða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bjoda, bjode</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bjóða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>biūthæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>byde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>by, byde</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>by, byde, byda</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bjóða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>biūþa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bjuda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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