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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bidjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bidjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bidjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bidjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bidjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbið.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᛞᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to make a request (of/for);</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to ask (of person)</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to request, ask (for something)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰédʰ-ye/o-, from *gʷʰedʰ- (‘to request, pray, ask for), or alternatively from *bʰedʰ- (‘to bend, bow’) (compare the root of *bindaną (‘to bind, tie’)). Not, as sometimes suggested, related to *bīdaną (‘to wait, wait for, await’). Related to *bedō (‘a request, prayer, plea’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bidjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bidjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bidjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bidisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bidjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bidjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bidjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bidiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bidjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bidjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bidjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bidjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bidjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bidjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bidjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bidjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bidjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bidjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bidjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bidjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bidjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bidiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bidjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bidiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bidjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bidjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bidjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bidjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bidjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bidjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bidjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bad</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bast</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bad</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bidjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bedanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bidjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biddjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>bidden</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bidden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>baeje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biddjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>bidden</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bidden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bidden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>bid</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biddjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>biddan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bidden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bid</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bid</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biddjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>bidda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bade, bad, ber</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bidje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bidde</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biddjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bitten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bitten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bitten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ביטן (bitn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biddjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>biddian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bidden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bidden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>beeden, bedden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>biðja, ᛒᛁᚦᛁᛅ (biþia), ᛒᛅᚦ (baþ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>biðja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>biðja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bidja, beda, be</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>biðja, ᛒᛁᚦᛁᛅ (biþia), ᛒᛅᚦ (baþ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bede</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>bede, be</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>biðja, ᛒᛁᚦᛁᛅ (biþia), ᛒᛅᚦ (baþ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>biþia, bedhia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bedja, be</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bidjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
