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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bijǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bijǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_bite" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>bitė</orth>
          <def>bee</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_bech" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>bech</orth>
          <def>bee</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bijo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bijǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bijǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbi.jɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᛃᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bee</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéy-éh₂ ~ *bʰi-nés  from root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*bʰey-</mentioned>(‘bee’). Cognate with Digor Ossetian биндзӕ (binʒæ, ‘fly’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_bech"><ref target="#cog_sga_bech">bech</ref></mentioned> (‘bee’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_bite"><ref target="#cog_lit_bite">bitė</ref></mentioned> (‘bee’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>bijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>bijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>bijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>binunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>biniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>binǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>binini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>bijummiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>binē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>binōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>bijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>bijōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bīa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bië</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>Bé, bie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>bieë</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bīa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bië</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bij</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>by</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bēo, bēom, bīom</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bee, be, beo, bey</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bee</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bee, be, beye, bie, bea</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*bē</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bij</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>pīa, bīa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bīe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Bii</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Bei</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Beie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Bei</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bijā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*bīa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bîe, bê, beie</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Bie, Bee, bigge</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Bie</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bini</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bini, bīna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bin, bine, bīn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Bein</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Biene</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Beene, Bie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>בין (bin)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bini</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bini, bina, *bīna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bīne, bēne, bēn, beine</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bý</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>býfluga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bý, býfluga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>bie</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bie</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bý</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bi</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bý</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bī, bȳ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bi</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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