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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bikjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bikjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_begeti" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*begeti</orth>
          <def>to break</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bikjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bikjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbik.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᚲᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to attack, stab, hack, thrust</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰog-yé/ó- ~ *bʰg-y-énti, a -yé/o- present of root *bʰeg- (‘to smash, break’). Cognates include Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_begeti"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_begeti">*begeti</ref></mentioned> (‘to break’), Old Armenian բեկանեմ (bekanem, ‘to break’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bikjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bikjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bikjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bikisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bikjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biki</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bikjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bikjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bikiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bikjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bikjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bikjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bikjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bikjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bikjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bikjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bikjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bikjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bikjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bikjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bikjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bikjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bikiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bikjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bikiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bikjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bikjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bikjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bikjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bikjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bikjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bikjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bikidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bikidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bikidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bikidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bikidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bikidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bikidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bikidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bikidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bikidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bikidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bikidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bikidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bikidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bikidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bikidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bikjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bikidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bikjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bikkjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bikken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bikken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bikkjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bikken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>bickeren, beckeren</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>bicker</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bikkjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*bitsia, *bikja, *bikka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bikje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bikje, bikke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bikkjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bikken, bicken, anabikken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bicken, becken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bicken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bikkjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*bikkian, bikkil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bickern</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bikkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bikkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>bikke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bikke</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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