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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bikjǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bikjǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bheg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰeg-</orth>
          <def>to vault; arch</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bikjo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bikjǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bikjǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbik.jɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᚲᛃᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bitch (female dog)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A female nominalization of *bikjaną (‘to attack, stab, hack, thrust’) using the verb stem + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-</mentioned>(i)jǭ (forms agent nouns, feminine of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-</mentioned>(i)jô). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bheg">*bʰeg-</ref></mentioned> (‘to smash, break’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>bikjǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>bikjōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>bikjōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>bikjōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>bikjōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>bikjōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>bikjōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>bikjōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>bikjōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>bikjōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>bikjǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>bikjōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bikkjā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>biċċe, biċe, biċġe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bicche, beche, biche, bycche, byche, bikk, buche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bitch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bikkjā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>biċċe, biċe, biċġe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bicche, beche, biche, bycche, byche, bikk, buche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bitch</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>bitch</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Betze, Bätze, Petze</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bikkja, bikki</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bikkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bikkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>bikkje</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bikkje</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bikke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>bik</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bikkja, bikki</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>bikia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bycka, -bigga, argbigga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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