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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *biliz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_biliz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_philos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>φίλος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>phílos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>dear, beloved</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_bil" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>bil</orth>
          <def>good, mild</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_biliz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/biliz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>biliz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbi.liz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᛚᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>kind, gentle, merciful</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>decent, fair, equitable</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-i-s, from root *bʰil- (‘harmonious, friendly’); the original sense seems to have been ‘equal, even’. Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_philos"><ref target="#cog_grc_philos">φίλος</ref></mentioned> (phílos, ‘dear, beloved’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_bil"><ref target="#cog_sga_bil">bil</ref></mentioned> (‘good, mild’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>biliz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>bilī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>bilį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>bilį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljas, bilis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljas, bilis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>biljaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>biljaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>biljaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>biljô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>biljô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>biljaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>biljōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>biljanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>biljô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>biljanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>biljōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>biliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>biliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>biljanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>biljanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>bilini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>bilini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>biljammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>biljammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>bilinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>bilinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>biljammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>biljōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>biljammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*biliwitti, *bili, *billīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>beelwitte, belewitte, beluwitte, billic, bilc, billijc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>beeldwit, billijk, billig</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>billik</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>bile-, bele, bilewit, belewit, bilehwīt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bilewit, bilewhit</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*billīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>billich</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>billik, binlik</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>bili, *billīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>billik, billich, bilk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>billig</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>billich</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>billig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>billig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>billig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>bili, *biliwiz, billūh, billīh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>bilewiz, bilwiz, bilwīz, billich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>billig</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                      <orth>bëlleg</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                      <orth>ביליק (bilik)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                      <orth>büllich, büllig</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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