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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bilībaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bilībaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_leyp" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*leyp-</orth>
          <def>to stick; to be left over</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bilibana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bilībaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bilībaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌbi.ˈliː.βɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᛚᛁᛒᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to stay, to remain in place</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bi- (‘by, at’; a general locative prefix) + *lībaną (‘to remain, to be left’), the latter from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_leyp"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_leyp">*leyp-</ref></mentioned> (‘to stick’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bilībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bilībaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bilībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bilībizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bilībaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bilīb</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bilībazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bilībaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bilībidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bilībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bilībadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bilībadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bilībaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bilībōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bilībaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bilībadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bilībaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bilībadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bilībamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bilībaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bilībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bilībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bilībid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bilībaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bilībid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bilībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bilībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bilībandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bilībain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bilībandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bilībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bilībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bilaib</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bilibį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bilaift</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bilibīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bilaib</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bilibī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bilibū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bilibīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bilibudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bilibīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bilibum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bilibīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bilibud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bilibīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bilibun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bilibīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bilībandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bilibanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bilībaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>blīvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bliven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>blieve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>blīvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bliven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>blijven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>bly</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>belīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>beliven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>belive, blive, belave</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>beleve, beleif</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>bilīva, blīva</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bliwe, bliiw, bläwe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>blieuwe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bliuwe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bilīban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>belīben, blīben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>bliibe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bleiben</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>בלײַבן (blaybn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bilīvan, bilīƀan, bilīvian, bilīƀian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blîven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>blieven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                          <orth>bliewen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bilīvan, bilīƀan, bilīvian, bilīƀian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blîven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>blíva</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>blive, bli</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>blive, bliva, bli</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>bliva, bli</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bilīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bilīvan, bilīƀan, bilīvian, bilīƀian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blîven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>blive</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>blífa</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (bileiban)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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