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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bindaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bindaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_bandhati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>बन्धति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>bándhati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to bind, tether; to hold captive; to cherish</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bindana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bindaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bindaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbin.dɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᚾᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bind, to tie</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéndʰ-e/o-, from *bʰendʰ- (‘to tie, bind’). Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_bandhati"><ref target="#cog_san_bandhati">बन्धति</ref></mentioned> (bándhati, ‘to bind, tether; to hold captive; to cherish’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bindō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bindaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bindai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bindizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bindaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bind</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bindazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bindaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bindidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bindai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bindadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bindadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bindaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bindōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bindaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bindadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bindaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bindadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bindamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bindaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bindid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bindaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bindid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bindandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bindain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bindandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>band</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bundį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>banst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bundīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>band</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bundī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bundū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bundīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bundudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bundīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bundum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bundīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bundud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bundīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bundun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bundīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bindandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bundanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bindaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>binden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>binje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>binden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>binden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>bind</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>binden, bynden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bind</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bind</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>binda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>biende</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bine</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bintan, pintan, bindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>binden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>bindn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>binden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bintan, pintan, bindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>binden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>binge, benge, benne, bönne, bonne</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>bannen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>bindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>binden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>binnen, binden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>binjen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>binda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>binde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>binda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>binde, bind', binda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>binda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>binda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>binde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>binda, binde</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>binda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>binda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>binda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bindan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
