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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *birnijǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_birnijǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_birnijo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/birnijǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>birnijǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbir.ni.jɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᚱᚾᛁᛃᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>she-bear</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bernuz (‘bear’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)jǭ</mentioned> (forms agent nouns, feminine of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)jô</mentioned>). The <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-e-</mentioned>of the stem is raised to <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-i-</mentioned>due to the <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-i-</mentioned>in the suffix.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>birnijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>birnijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>birnijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>birnijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>birnijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>birnijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>birnijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>birnijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>birnijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>birnijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>birnijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>birnijōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>birna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>birna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>binne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>binne</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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