<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *biskīnaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_biskīnaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_biskinana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/biskīnaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>biskīnaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌbi.ˈskiː.nɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛁᛊᚲᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to shine upon or about</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *bi- (‘by, at’; a general locative prefix) + *skīnaną (‘to shine, appear’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biskīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biskīnaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>biskīnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>biskīnaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>biskīnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>biskīnaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>biskīnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>biskīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>biskain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>biskinį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biskaint</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>biskinīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biskain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>biskinī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>biskinū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>biskinīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>biskinudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>biskinīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>biskinum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>biskinīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biskinud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>biskinīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>biskinun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>biskinīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>biskīnandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>biskinanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>biskīnaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biskīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*biskīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>beschinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>beschijnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biskīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>besċīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>beschinen, beshinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>beshine</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biskīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>biskīna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>beskiene</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>beskine</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biskīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>biskīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>beschīnen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bescheinen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*biskīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*biskīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>beschînen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>beschienen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>beschienen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (biskeinan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
