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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blaikaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blaikaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_blaikaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blaikaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blaikaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈblɑi̯.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᚨᛁᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>pale, white</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰloyǵ-ó-s, from root *bʰleyǵ- (‘to shine’). Ultimately from root *bʰel- (‘to blaze; glow; bright flame; white’). By synchronic analysis, an o-grade adjective formed from *blīkaną (‘to gleam, shine’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaiką, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaiką, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>blaikaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>blaikaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaikaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>blaikammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>blaikōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>blaikammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaik</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*blēc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>blêec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>bleik</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaik</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*blēc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>blêec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bleek</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>bleek</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaik</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blāc, blǣc, blǣċ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blac, blak, bleke, bleche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>blake, bleak, bleach</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaik</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bleih, blaih</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bleich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bleich</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>bleech</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>בלייך (bleykh)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaik</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>blēk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blek, bleik</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bleek, blek, bleik</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bleikur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>blaikar</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bleikur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>bleik</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>blake, bleak</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>bleg, blaiken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bleik</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>bleik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>blēk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bleg</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>blek</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>blēker</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>blek</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*laikka</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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