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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blaikijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blaikijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_root_bhleyg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰleyǵ-</orth>
          <def>to shine</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_blaikijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blaikijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blaikijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈblɑi̯.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᚨᛁᚲᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bleach, to make pale, to whiten</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *blaikaz (‘pale’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs). Ultimately from *bʰloyǵ--éye/o-, from an o-grade form of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_root_bhleyg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_root_bhleyg">root *bʰleyǵ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to shine’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blaikīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blaikī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blaikīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blaikijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>blaikijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>blaikijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blaikijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blaikijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blaikijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blaikīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blaikīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blaikijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blaikidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blaikidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blaikidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blaikidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blaikidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blaikidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>blaikidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>blaikidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>blaikidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>blaikidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blaikidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blaikidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blaikidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blaikidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blaikidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blaikidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>blaikijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>blaikidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>blaikijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaikijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*blēken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bleken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bleken, bleiken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>bleek, bleik</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaikijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blǣċan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blechen, bleken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bleach</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bleche, bleitch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaikijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bleihhen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bleichen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bleichen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>bleechen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blaikijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>blēkian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blēken, bleiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bleken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bleikja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bleikja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>blege</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>bleke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>bleikja</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>bleike</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bleikja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>blēkia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>bleka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*lëik'at'ak</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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