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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blakaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blakaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_phlego" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>φλέγω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>phlégō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to set on fire, burn, scorch; to kindle, arouse, inflame</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bhlo_g_o_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰlo-g-ó-s</orth>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_fulgeo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>fulgeō</orth>
          <def>to blaze, flash, lighten, glitter, gleam, glare, glisten, shine</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_blakaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blakaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blakaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈblɑ.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᚨᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>burnt</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>black, swart</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhlo_g_o_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhlo_g_o_s">*bʰlo-g-ó-s</ref></mentioned>, from root *bʰel- (‘to blaze; glow; bright flame; white’). Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_phlego"><ref target="#cog_grc_phlego">φλέγω</ref></mentioned> (phlégō, ‘to set on fire, burn, scorch; to kindle, arouse, inflame’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_fulgeo"><ref target="#cog_lat_fulgeo">fulgeō</ref></mentioned> (‘to blaze, flash, lighten, glitter, gleam, glare, glisten, shine’). Related to *blankaz (‘bright, shining, white, gleaming, blinding’) and *blaką (‘blackness, the color black; that which is black’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaką, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>blaką, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>blakaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>blakaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>blakaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>blakammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>blakōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>blakammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blæc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blak, blake</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>black</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blæc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blak, blake</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>black</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>blak</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>blah, plah</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>blach</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>blach</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*blak</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blak, black</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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