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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blaką</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blaką</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_phlego" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>φλέγω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>phlégō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to set on fire, burn, scorch; to kindle, arouse, inflame</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_fulgeo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>fulgeō</orth>
          <def>to blaze, flash, lighten, glitter, gleam, glare, glisten, shine</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_blaka" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blaką">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blaką</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈblɑ.kɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᚨᚲᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>blackness, the color black</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>that which is black</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A nominalization of *blakaz (‘burnt; black, swart’). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlo-g-ó-m, from root *bʰel- (‘to blaze; glow; bright flame; white’). Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_phlego"><ref target="#cog_grc_phlego">φλέγω</ref></mentioned> (phlégō, ‘to set on fire, burn, scorch; to kindle, arouse, inflame’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_fulgeo"><ref target="#cog_lat_fulgeo">fulgeō</ref></mentioned> (‘to blaze, flash, lighten, glitter, gleam, glare, glisten, shine’). Related to *blankaz (‘bright, shining, white, gleaming, blinding’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>blaką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>blakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>blaką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>blakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>blakas, blakis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>blakǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>blakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>blakamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>blakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>blakamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>blaką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>blakō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blæc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blak</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>blac, blak</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blæc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blak</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>black</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>blak</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blæc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>blek</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>blæk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>blek</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>blekk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>bläck</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blæc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>blek</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>blek, bleke</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>bleck</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>blek, bleck</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>blah</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>black, plack, blacke, placke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Black</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blak</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>blak</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blak</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Black</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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