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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blēsaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blēsaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_formation_of_bhleh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>s-formation of *bʰleh₁-</orth>
          <def>to blow</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_blesana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blēsaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blēsaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈblɛː.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᛖᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7d</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to blow</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *bʰleh₁-s-, an inherited Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_formation_of_bhleh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_formation_of_bhleh1">s-formation of *bʰleh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to blow’). Traditionally analyzed as a sigmatic aorist <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013">Kroonen 2013</bibl>; more plausibly, in view of its ordinary present meaning and comparison with other lexicalized s-stems, as an old unreduplicated desiderative / s-present (Kölligan 2018).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blēsō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blēsaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blēsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blēsizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blēsaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blēs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blēsazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blēsaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blēsidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blēsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blēsadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blēsadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blēsaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>blēsōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>blēsaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blēsadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blēsaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blēsadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blēsamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blēsaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blēsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blēsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blēsid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blēsaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blēsid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blēsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blēsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blēsandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blēsain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blēsandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blēsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blēsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>beblēs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>beblēzį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>beblēst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>beblēzīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>beblēs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>beblēzī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>beblēzū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>beblēzīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>beblēzudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>beblēzīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>beblēzum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>beblēzīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>beblēzud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>beblēzīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>beblēzun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>beblēzīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>blēsandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>blēzanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>blēsaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>blâsen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>blaoze</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>blâsen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>blazen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>blaas</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*blāsan, *blǣsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blasen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>blaze</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>blase, blaze</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*blāsa, *blēsa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bloasje, bleesje, bloazje, bläizje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>blieze</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>blāsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>blāsen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>blåsn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>blasen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>blosen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>בלאָזן (blozn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*blāsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blâsen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>blasen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>blosen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>blaze</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blása</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>blása</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>blase</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>blása</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blása</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>blåse</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>blåsa, blåse</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blása</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>blǣsæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>blæse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blása</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>blāsa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>blåsa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌱𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌽 (*blēsan), 𐌿𐍆𐌱𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌽 (ufblēsan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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