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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blīwą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blīwą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bliwa" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blīwą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blīwą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbliː.wɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᛁᚹᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>color, hue</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>lead-grey appearance</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyH-w-ó-m from root *bʰleyH- 'shine; appear pale/grey'. Ultimately from root *bʰel- (‘to blaze; glow; bright flame; white’). Likely the source of  *blīwiją (‘lead(metal)’). Possibly elated to *blēwaz (‘blue’), given the semantics.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>blīwą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>blīwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>blīwą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>blīwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>blīwas, blīwīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>blīwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>blīwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>blīwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>blīwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>blīwamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>blīwą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>blīwō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blīu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*blīo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>blie, blye</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blīu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blēo, bleoh, blīo, blioh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bleo, ble, blee</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>blee, bly</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ble, blee</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blīu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*blī, blie</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bläy</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Bläier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blīu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>blī, blīo</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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