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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blōþagaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blōþagaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_blothagaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blōþagaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blōþagaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈblɔː.θɑ.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᛟᚦᚨᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bloody</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Via surface analysis, from *blōþą (‘blood’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-gaz</mentioned> (forms adjectives from nouns and verbs). A possible Proto-Indo-European derivation would be *bʰleh₃-to-m-kós from *bʰleh₃-tó-m (‘blood’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-kos</mentioned> (forms deadjectival and denominal adjectives denoting the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþagai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþaganǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþaganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>blōþagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþaganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþaganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþaganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>blōþagammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>blōþagōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>blōþagammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdag, blōdīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bluodig</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bloedich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bloedig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdag, blōdīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blōdiġ, blōdeġ, blōdi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>blody</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bloody</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>bludie, bludy, bluidy, bleedy</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdag, blōdīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>blōdich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bloedich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdag, blōdīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>blōdich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bläidig, blöidig, bläidich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>blouderg, blouderch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdag, blōdīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bloutag, bloutīg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bluotec, bluotic</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>blutig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdag, blōdīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>blōdag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blö̂dig, blö̂dich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>blödig</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Low German</lang>
                          <orth>bloderg, blöderig, blöderg</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blóðigr, blóðugr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>blodig</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>blóðigur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>blóðugur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>blodig</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>blodig</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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