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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *blōþijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_blōþijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_blothijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blōþijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>blōþijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈblɔː.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᛚᛟᚦᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bleed</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *blōþą (‘blood’) + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-(i)janą</mentioned>(forms denominative and factitive Weak class 1 verbs).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blōþīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blōþī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blōþīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blōþijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>blōþijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>blōþijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blōþijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blōþijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>blōþijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blōþīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blōþīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blōþijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blōþidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>blōþidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blōþidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>blōþidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blōþidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>blōþidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>blōþidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>blōþidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>blōþidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>blōþidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blōþidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>blōþidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blōþidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>blōþidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blōþidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>blōþidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>blōþijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>blōþidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>blōþijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bluoden</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bloeden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>bloeden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>blœ̄dan, blēdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>bleden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>bleed</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>blede, bleid</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>blēda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>blädje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bläide</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bliede</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bluoten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bluoten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>bliatn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>bluten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>bluoten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bluoten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>blude</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>bludden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*blōdijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*blōdian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>blṏden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>bloden, blöden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>blöden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>bleeden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blǿða, blœða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bløða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>blæða</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blǿða, blœða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>blø</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>blø, bløde, bløda</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blǿða, blœða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bløthæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bløde</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>blǿða, blœða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>blø̄þa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>blöda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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