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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bragną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bragną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_mregh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*mregʰ-</orth>
          <def>brain</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_bregma" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>βρέγμα</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>brégma</orth>
          </form>
          <def>the bone directly above the brain, (anatomy) bregma; brainpan’)</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bragna" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bragną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bragną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbrɑɣ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᚨᚷᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>brain</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*mrogʰnóm</mentioned>, a neuter nominalization of an o-grade adjectival <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-nó-</mentioned>formation of Proto-Indo-European root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mregh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mregh">*mregʰ-</ref></mentioned>. A cognate is Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_bregma"><ref target="#cog_grc_bregma">βρέγμα</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>bragną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>bragnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>bragną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>bragnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>bragnas, bragnis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>bragnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>bragnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>bragnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>bragnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>bragnamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>bragną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>bragnō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bragn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*bragan, *bregin</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>bragen, bregen, breyn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>brein</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bragn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>bræġn, bræġen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>brayn, brayne, brain</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>brain</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>brane, braine</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bragn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*brein</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Bräienge, Brainge</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>brein</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bragn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*brein</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>brayen, brein</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*bragn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*bragan, *bregin</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>bregen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Brägen, Bregen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Brägen, Bregen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Bräajen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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