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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *brausijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_brausijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bhrows_eye_o" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰrows-éye/o-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_brausijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brausijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>brausijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbrɑu̯.si.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᚨᚢᛊᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to break; crush</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhrows_eye_o"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhrows_eye_o">*bʰrows-éye/o-</ref></mentioned> (causative) from the o-grade of root *bʰrews- (‘to break’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brausijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brausijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brausijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brausīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brausijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brausī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brausijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brausijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brausīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brausijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brausijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brausijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brausijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brausijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brausijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brausijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brausijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brausijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brausijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brausijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brausijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brausijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brausīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brausijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brausīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brausijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brausijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brausijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brausijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brausijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brausijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brausijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brausidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brausidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brausidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brausidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brausidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brausidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>brausidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>brausidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>brausidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>brausidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brausidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brausidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brausidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brausidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brausidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brausidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>brausijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>brausidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>brausijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>brīesan, brȳsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>brusen, bresen, brisen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>bruise</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>brizz</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*brūse</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>brûze</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*brūsian</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>brûsen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>brusen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*brūsian</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>brúsa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>bruse</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>brusa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*brūsen</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>brusen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*brūsen</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>brūsen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>brausen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                  <orth>brosa</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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