<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *brehaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_brehaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_phorkon" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>φορκόν</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>phorkón</orth>
          </form>
          <def>white, gray, wrinkled</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_bhrasate" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>भ्राशते</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>bhrāśate</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_brehana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brehaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>brehaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbre.xɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᛖᚺᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 5</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to flicker, glitter; light up; blink</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreḱ-e/o- from root *bʰreḱ- (‘to shine’). Possibly related to Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_bhrasate"><ref target="#cog_san_bhrasate">भ्राशते</ref></mentioned> (bhrāśate), भ्राज् (bhrāj), ‘to shine, glitter’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_phorkon"><ref target="#cog_grc_phorkon">φορκόν</ref></mentioned> (phorkón, ‘white, gray, wrinkled’). Related to *bragiz (‘one who is first or foremost, a premier, chief, leader, prince’), *bregdaną (‘to flicker, flutter, jerk, tug (on), twitch, flinch, move, swing’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brehō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brehaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brehai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brihizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brehaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>breh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brehazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brehaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brihidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brehai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brehadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brehadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brehaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brehōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brehaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brehadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brehaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brehadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brehamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brehaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brehandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brehaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brihid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brehaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brihid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brehandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brehaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brehandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brehain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brehandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brehandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brehaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brah</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brēgį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>braht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brēgīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brah</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brēgī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>brēgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>brēgīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>brēgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>brēgīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēgīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēgīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēgīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>brehandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>breganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>brehaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brehan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>brehan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>brehen, brechen, prehen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>brjá, brá, braga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>brjá, brá, braga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>braga, bragla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>braga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (*braihan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <orth>𐌱𐍂𐌰𐍈 (braƕ)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
