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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *bremaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_bremaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_bremo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>βρέμω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>brémō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to roar; clash; shout, rage</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bhrem_e_o" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰrém-e/o-</orth>
          <def>to hum, rumble</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_fremo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>fremō</orth>
          <def>to murmur, mutter; complain loudly</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bremana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bremaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>bremaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbre.mɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᛖᛗᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 4</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to roar</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhrem_e_o"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhrem_e_o">*bʰrém-e/o-</ref></mentioned> (‘to hum, rumble’) from root *bʰrem- (‘to make noise’), an onomatopoeic root. Cognates are Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_bremo"><ref target="#cog_grc_bremo">βρέμω</ref></mentioned> (brémō, ‘to roar; clash; shout, rage’), Proto-Brythonic *brėβ̃ɨd (‘to make noise)’, and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_fremo"><ref target="#cog_lat_fremo">fremō</ref></mentioned> (‘to murmur, mutter; complain loudly’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bremō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bremaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bremai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brimizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bremaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brem</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bremazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bremaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brimidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bremai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bremadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bremadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bremaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bremōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>bremaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bremadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bremaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>bremadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bremamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bremaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bremandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bremaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brimid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bremaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brimid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bremandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bremaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bremandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bremain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bremandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bremandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bremaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bram</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brēmį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bramt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brēmīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bram</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brēmī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>brēmū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>brēmīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>brēmudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>brēmīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēmum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēmīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēmud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēmīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēmun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēmīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>bremandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>brumanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>bremaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*breman</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*breman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>brēmen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*breman</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*breman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>bremen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*breman</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*breman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>brema</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>breme</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                          <orth>Brämme</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Breme</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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