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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *brestuz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_brestuz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_brestuz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brestuz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>brestuz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbres.tuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᛖᛊᛏᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>break; fracture</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>impairment; handicap</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrés-tu-s ~ *bʰr̥s-téw-s, from root *bʰres- (‘to burst, break, crack, crackle, split, separate’). Possibly related to PIE root *bʰrews- (‘break’). Related to *brestaną (‘to burst, break’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>brestuz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>bristiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>brestų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>brestunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>brestauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>bristiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>bristiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>brestumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>brestū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>brestumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>brestu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>bristiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brestu, *bristi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*brest, *bristi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>berste</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>barst</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brestu, *bristi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>berst, byrst</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>brest, berst, barst</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>burst</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>birst</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brestu, *bristi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*bristi, bresto, brestī, bresta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>breste, brest, brist</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Breste</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Breste, Brest</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brestu, *bristi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*brest, *bristi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>breste, berste, berst, barst, borst</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Brast</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>brestr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>brestur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>brestur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>brest</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>brestr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>brøst, brist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>brist</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>brestr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>brist, bræst, bryst, bröst</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>brist</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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