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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *breuþaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_breuþaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="pokorny1959" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/7PPDZBL9">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Julius</forename>
              <surname>Pokorny</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Francke Verlag</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>
              <date>1959</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_breuthana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/breuþaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>breuþaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbreu̯.θɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᛖᚢᚦᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to fall apart; crumble</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Possibly Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewt-e/o-, from root *bʰrewt- (‘to break’), which <bibl corresp="#pokorny1959">Pokorny 1959</bibl> treats as a t-extension of *bʰrew- (‘destroy, break’). Likely an intransitive doublet of the transitive *breutaną (‘to destroy, crush, break (open), bud’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>breuþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>breuþaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>breuþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>briuþizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>breuþaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>breuþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>breuþazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>breuþaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>briuþidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>breuþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>breuþadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>breuþadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>breuþaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>breuþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>breuþaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>breuþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>breuþaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>breuþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>breuþamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>breuþaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>breuþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>breuþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>briuþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>breuþaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>briuþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>breuþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>breuþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>breuþandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>breuþain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>breuþandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>breuþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>breuþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brauþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bruþį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>braust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bruþīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brauþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bruþī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bruþū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bruþīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bruþudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bruþīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bruþum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bruþīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bruþud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bruþīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bruþun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bruþīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>breuþandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>bruþanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>breuþaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*breuþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>brēoþan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>breothen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*breuþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>briodan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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