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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *brummōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_brummōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_bhrem" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*bʰrem-</orth>
          <def>to make noise</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_brummona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brummōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>brummōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbrum.mɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᚢᛗᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>(iterative) to drone, hum, growl</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From earlier paradigm *brummōþi ~ *brumunanþi, from pre-Germanic *bʰr̥m-néh₂-ti ~ *bʰr̥m-n̥h₂-énti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhrem"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_bhrem">root *bʰrem-</ref></mentioned> (‘to make noise’). Iterative of *bremaną (‘to roar’). This verb is closely related to *brimmaną (‘to drone, to hum; to roar’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brummō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brummǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brummōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brummōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brummōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brummō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brummōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brummōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brummōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brummō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brummōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brummōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brummōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brummōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brummōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brummōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brummōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brummōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brummōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brummōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brummōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brummōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brummōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brummōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brummōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brummōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brummōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brummōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brummōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brummōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brummōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>brummōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>brummōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>brummōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>brummōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brummōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brummōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brummōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brummōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brummōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brummōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>brummōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>brummōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>brummōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brummōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*brummon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>brummen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>brommen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brummōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*brumma, *bromma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bromme</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brummōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*brummōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>brummen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>brummen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brummōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*brummōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>brummen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>brommen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>brumme</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>brumme</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>brumma</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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