<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *brēdaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_brēdaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986b" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/WASYKR6G">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Grammar of Proto-Germanic</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>University of Texas Press</publisher>
              <date>1986b</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_bredana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēdaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>brēdaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈbrɛː.ðɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛒᚱᛖᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7d</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to warm, heat, broil</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to roast (meat)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Possibly from *bʰreh₁-dʰh₁-e/o-, a dʰh₁-extension (forms resultative verbs from roots) of root *bʰer-/*bʰrewh₁- (‘to boil, brew’) <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986b" n="s.v. breen">Lehmann 1986b: s.v. breen</bibl>. Related to *brējaną (‘to roast, smell’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brēdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brēdaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>brēdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brēdizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brēdaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brēd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brēdazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>brēdaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brēdidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brēdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brēdadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brēdadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>brēdaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brēdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>brēdaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brēdadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brēdaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>brēdadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēdamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēdaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>brēdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēdid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēdaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēdid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>brēdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēdandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēdain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēdandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēdandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>brēdaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bebrēd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>bebrēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bebrēst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>bebrēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bebrēd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>bebrēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>bebrēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>bebrēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>bebrēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>bebrēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bebrēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>bebrēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bebrēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>bebrēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bebrēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>bebrēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>brēdandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>brēdanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>brēdaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brādan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>brādan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>brâden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>braoje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brādan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>brādan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>brâden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>braden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>braai</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brādan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>brǣdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>breden, breaden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>brade</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brādan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>brēda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>bräide</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>briede</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brādan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>prātan, brātan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>braten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>braten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>broden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>בראָטן (brotn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*brādan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>brādan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>brâden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>broden, braoden, braden, braën</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>broose, braase, braari</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>broden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>bræða</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>bræde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>bræða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>bræða</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>brædha</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
